EXPLORING HIGH ALTITUDES IN PERU: TIPS FOR PREVENTION AND TOP DESTINATIONS

Peru is a land of dramatic landscapes, where the Andes mountains rise majestically above the terrain, creating a unique cultural and natural environment. For travelers seeking adventure, Peru offers the opportunity to explore stunning high-altitude destinations, but this can also come with some challenges — particularly for those who aren't accustomed to the thinner air at higher elevations. Understanding the effects of high altitude and how to prevent altitude sickness is key to ensuring a safe and enjoyable experience.

In this blog post, we'll explore what you need to know about high altitudes in Peru, how to prevent altitude sickness, and some of the must-see high-altitude destinations you won't want to miss!

What Is Altitude Sickness and Why Does It Happen?

Altitude sickness, or acute mountain sickness (AMS), occurs when you ascend to high altitudes too quickly, usually above 2,500 meters (8,200 feet), without giving your body enough time to acclimatize. The symptoms can include headaches, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, and difficulty sleeping. In extreme cases, altitude sickness can become life-threatening, but with proper precautions, most travelers can avoid serious issues.

In Peru, many of the country's most iconic destinations — such as Cusco, Machu Picchu, and Lake Titicaca — are located at high elevations. So, it's essential to prepare yourself for the thin air and give your body time to adjust.

How to Prevent Altitude Sickness in Peru

While it’s impossible to completely eliminate the risk of altitude sickness, there are several steps you can take to minimize your chances of developing symptoms and make your trip more comfortable:

1. Ascend Gradually

One of the most effective ways to prevent altitude sickness is to give your body time to adjust. Avoid rushing into high-altitude areas, especially if you are coming from sea level or lower elevations.
If possible, spend a few days at moderate altitude before heading higher. For example, you could spend a day or two in the city of Arequipa (2,335 meters / 7,660 feet) before heading to Cusco (3,400 meters / 11,155 feet).

2. Stay Hydrated

At high altitudes, your body dehydrates faster due to the lower humidity and faster breathing rates. Drink plenty of water throughout the day, especially before and during your time in the mountains.
Avoid alcohol and caffeinated drinks, as they can dehydrate you further.

3. Take It Easy

Once you arrive at a high-altitude location, don’t push yourself too hard. Give your body time to acclimatize by taking it easy for the first 24-48 hours.
Avoid strenuous physical activity, especially if you start to feel symptoms like shortness of breath or dizziness.

4. Eat Light, High-Carb Meals

Eating smaller, more frequent meals can help your body process food more easily in the thin air. Focus on foods that are high in carbohydrates, as they provide energy and are easier to digest at higher altitudes.

5. Consider Medication

Some travelers take medications like acetazolamide (Diamox) to help prevent altitude sickness. It’s a good idea to consult with your doctor before your trip to see if this might be appropriate for you.
There are also herbal remedies like coca tea (made from the leaves of the coca plant), which has been used for centuries by Andean people to help with altitude-related discomfort.

6. Know the Symptoms of Altitude Sickness

Be aware of early signs of altitude sickness, which include headache, nausea, dizziness, and fatigue. If you begin to feel unwell, it’s important to rest and descend to a lower elevation if symptoms worsen.

Must-Visit High Altitude Destinations in Peru

Peru’s high-altitude regions are a treasure trove of natural beauty, culture, and history. Whether you’re an adventurer or simply looking to experience something unique, here are some top destinations to explore in the Peruvian highlands:

1. Cusco (3,400 meters / 11,155 feet)

As the historic capital of the Inca Empire, Cusco is the gateway to many of Peru’s most famous attractions, including Machu Picchu. The city itself is full of colonial-era architecture, ancient Incan ruins, and vibrant markets. Despite its high altitude, Cusco is well equipped for tourists, and many travelers use it as a base to acclimatize before heading to other destinations.

Top Things to Do in Cusco:

Explore the Sacred Valley, with its ruins like Ollantaytambo and Pisac.
Visit the stunning Sacsayhuamán, an ancient Incan archaeological site.
Wander through the San Pedro market, sampling traditional Peruvian foods.

2. Machu Picchu (2,430 meters / 7,970 feet)

While Machu Picchu is not the highest point in Peru, it still sits at an elevation that can affect some visitors. Most people arrive at Machu Picchu after acclimatizing in Cusco, and for good reason: this awe-inspiring Incan citadel offers some of the most breathtaking views on the planet. Whether you hike the Inca Trail or take the train, the journey to Machu Picchu is part of the adventure.

Top Things to Do at Machu Picchu:

Hike the Inca Trail or one of the shorter treks like the Sun Gate or Huayna Picchu.
Explore the ruins and learn about the history of the Inca civilization.
Take in the incredible panoramic views of the surrounding mountains.

3. Lake Titicaca (3,812 meters / 12,507 feet)

Lake Titicaca, the highest navigable lake in the world, straddles the border between Peru and Bolivia. The Peruvian side of the lake is home to the Uros Islands, which are made entirely of reed boats, and the island of Taquile, where traditional Andean culture is still very much alive.

Top Things to Do at Lake Titicaca:

Visit the floating Uros Islands, where locals have lived for centuries on reed boats.
Explore the island of Taquile and its ancient weaving traditions.
Enjoy a boat ride on the lake, taking in the majestic mountain views.

4. Arequipa (2,335 meters / 7,660 feet)

Arequipa, known as the "White City" due to its stunning white volcanic stone architecture, is a great starting point for exploring Peru's southern highlands. The city is surrounded by volcanoes, and it offers a more relaxed, less touristy alternative to Cusco.

Top Things to Do in Arequipa:

Visit the Santa Catalina Monastery, a beautiful colonial complex.
Explore the Colca Canyon, home to the majestic Andean condor.
Wander through the Plaza de Armas and enjoy Arequipa’s unique architecture.

5. The Colca Canyon (3,500 meters / 11,500 feet)

Located near Arequipa, Colca Canyon is one of the deepest canyons in the world — nearly twice as deep as the Grand Canyon! It’s a popular destination for trekking, and the views of the canyon, along with the chance to spot condors soaring overhead, are unforgettable.

Top Things to Do in Colca Canyon:

Take a hike through the canyon’s dramatic landscapes.
Visit the Cruz del Condor lookout to see the giant Andean condors.
Experience the hot springs in the village of Chivay.

Final Thoughts

Visiting Peru’s high-altitude destinations is a life-changing experience, but it’s important to be prepared for the challenges that come with the thin air. By acclimatizing gradually, staying hydrated, and knowing the signs of altitude sickness, you can enjoy all that Peru’s incredible highlands have to offer — from the ancient ruins of Machu Picchu to the serene beauty of Lake Titicaca.

Remember, the key to enjoying your high-altitude adventure is to take it slow, listen to your body, and give yourself plenty of time to adjust. With a bit of preparation, you’ll be able to explore some of the world’s most stunning and culturally rich landscapes with confidence and ease.